HIV and Cancer Risk

Managing HIV and Cancer Risk Hand in Hand

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and cancer risk are interconnected in several ways. HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to certain types of cancers. Here's an overview of the relationship between HIV and cancer risk:

Weakened Immune System

HIV attacks and destroys CD4+ T cells, which are crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. As the number of these cells decreases, the immune system becomes compromised, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and certain cancers.

Increased Cancer Risk

people with HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C have a higher risk of developing certain types of cancers compared to the general population. These cancers are often referred to as “AIDS-defining cancers” or “HIV-associated cancers.”

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)

This cancer forms in the lining of blood and lymphatic vessels and typically presents as purple or brown lesions on the skin or mucous membranes. KS is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Certain types of NHL, particularly those related to B-cell lymphocytes, are more prevalent in people with HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. These lymphomas can occur in lymph nodes, organs, or other tissues.

Invasive Cervical Cancer

Women with HIV have an increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer, often caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).

Anal Cancer

people with HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are also at a higher risk of developing anal cancer, which is often linked to persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV.

Early Detection and Treatment

Early detection and treatment of HIV can help manage the risk of developing AIDS-defining cancers. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key component of HIV management. It can help restore immune function, lower viral load, and reduce the risk of developing these cancers.

Screening and Prevention

Regular medical check-ups and cancer screenings are important for individuals living with HIV. HPV vaccination is recommended for both males and females to reduce the risk of certain cancers, including cervical and anal cancers.

Other Cancers

In addition to AIDS-defining cancers, people with HIV may also have a slightly higher risk of developing some non-AIDS-defining cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. These risks may be influenced by factors like lifestyle, co-infections, and immune status.

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